两步有效提高雅思阅读速度

   （环球教育名称--董长根老师）

雅思阅读考试中，平均一篇文章的长度是800字左右，题材多为理工农医类，甚至还有大家比较陌生的天文地理等题材；其难度更在于要求在短短20分钟之内完成13道题型各异的题目。

很多考生在考试中，发现一个最大的问题是，阅读速度过慢，无法在规定时间内完成题目。其实，这和没有掌握提高速度的技巧有很大关系。在本专题中，我们将一起来分析如何提高阅读速度，让你的速度提高到200单词/分钟，让阅读变成真正的“悦读”。

【跳读skimming】

Word by word的阅读方法，是比较传统的方法，不太适合雅思阅读“时间短，任务重”的特点。那么跳读，是解决问题的最重要的方法。

先读标题和副标题

先根据标题进行predict, 预测该文章可能会谈到什么，这是增加阅读兴趣和快乐指数（Happiness Index）的最好方法

笔者以剑5 Test 1 Passage 3 The Truth about the Environment 为例，我们看到这个标题，应该可以想到的是本文很可能讨论“环境问题中很多我们被误导的假象，以及作者提出与一般想法相反的‘真相’”。

阅读段首句

通过阅读段首句，并将段首句的关键词划出来，这样可以迅速的判断文章的结构和梗概。

这一步不是必须的，这个步骤如果预计花费时间过多，略过此步骤。

【路标词 signposting 】

路标词对于迅速提高阅读速度尤其重要，同时，还是提高解题准确率的关键所在！

常见路标词分为：因果，转折，举例和列举四大类

下面笔者以环球教育阅读官方教材《雅思阅读 强化标准教程》（第5代培训教材）
Page 59 段落标题题为例：

Write the appropriate numbers i-ix
List of Headings

i    The probable effects of the new international trade agreement
ii   The environmental impact of modern farming
iii   Farming and soil erosion
iv   The effects of government policy in rich countries
v   Governments and management of the environment
vi   The effects of government policy in poor countries
vii   Farming and food output
viii   The effects of government policy on food output
ix    The new prospects for world trade

Section B
Section F

Section B
No activity affects more of the earth’s surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planet’s land area, not counting Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in yields from land already in cultivation, but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a doubling in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s.

该段落中，粗斜体部分“mainly as a result of” “but also because” “by”为 World food output per head has risen 和 Higher yields have been achieved 的具体原因和方法。题目是要求给本段选择标题，文中谈到的“具体方法和原因”是细节信息，所以可以迅速跳读。这样加快阅读速度，同时，排除细节信息，大大提高解题的准确度。

所以，本段答案为：vii  Farming and food output

Section F
A result of the Uruguay Round of world trade negotiations is likely to be a reduction of 36 per cent in the average levels of farm subsidies paid by the rich countries in 1986-1990.
Some of the world’s food production will move from Western Europe to regions where
subsidies are lower or non-existent, such as the former communist countries and parts of
the developing world. Some environmentalists worry about this outcome. It will
undoubtedly mean more pressure to convert natural habitat into farmland. But it will also
have many desirable environmental effects. The intensity of farming in the rich world should
decline, and the use of chemical inputs will diminish. Crops are more likely to be grown p
the environments to which they are naturally suited. And more farmers in poor coun-tries
wilt have the money and the incentive to manage their land in ways that are sustainable in
the long run. That is important. To feed an increasingly hungry world, farmers need every
incentive to use their soil and water effectively and efficiently.

本题根据“路标词速读”方法，我们发现段落中间有 “But it will also have many desirable environmental effects.”， 意为“它也会带来很多好的影响”。根据路标词but 和also, 说明本文前半部分讨论的是“所带来的不好的影响”，所以这样可以迅速的把握本段的大意，“世界贸易协定的坏处以及好处”！

根据上述分析，本段段落标题为
i  The probable effects of the new international trade agreement

由上述分析，路标词对于提高阅读速度是很重要的。当然，这只是阅读提高的一个方面。雅思的阅读，还必须具备大量的常考词汇，熟悉各类文章题材，对于题型技巧的掌握等也是非常必要的。考生只有技巧与实力并重，才能取得优异的成绩！